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Raincoats are unique representatives of the mushroom kingdom, both in appearance and in their properties. Many mushroom pickers are biased towards these mushrooms. They prefer not to collect them without paying any attention to this representative. Meanwhile, they do it in vain. Such a mushroom has a pleasant taste and is useful for the body. These properties are especially pronounced in young mushrooms. They are among the very first representatives of the mushroom set, which appears in the forest in the spring. Undoubtedly, they will brighten up the diet of any person after a long long winter.
Botanical certificate
These mushrooms are part of the family of champignons. In shape, they resemble a pear, and white shades predominate in the color palette. These representatives can reach medium size or be large (giant raincoat). Some of them have a pronounced false foot. There are small growths on the cap of a young mushroom. Maturation of spores passes from within. When they reach full maturity, a hole is formed from above, through which they (spores) go outside. Spores have a very different color, in which there are olive or brown colors.
This mushroom has many popular names. Common people call him rabbit potatoes, bee sponge. There are many other names. You can often hear how he is called grandfather tobacco.
Types of raincoats used in food
The most common are:
- The raincoat is true.
- Golovach.
- Flapper.
Meadow, pear-shaped and pearl raincoat
These representatives are included in category 4. They are most prevalent. They are mainly found in the central strip and mid-latitudes of our vast country. They are very similar to each other, and the pearl raincoat is edible. It is covered with large spikes, which leads to distant resemblance to the golovach.
Golovach
Such mushrooms are more significant. The height can already reach 7 cm, and the diameter is half smaller. A more pronounced rupture of the fruiting body after spore maturation is observed. In all other respects, they are indistinguishable from raincoats.
Baggy golovach
The diameter of the fruiting body can reach 20 cm. The shape is round, and there is some flattening at the top. The internal structure is characterized by a fine-grained character. Young mushroom has a light milky color. Brown shades become more saturated as the fungus grows. The fruit body of an adult fungus is cut with cracks. The presence of tubercles, which are very similar to warts, is noted. When the old mushroom opens, it becomes like a bowl. The mushroom has the fourth category and only young representatives are suitable for food.
Oblong golovach
It is also called marsupial golovachy. The body shape resembles the shapes used in bowling alleys. Sometimes it is like a mace. The pseudopod can be compared to half a ball.It can reach a height of 14 cm. If the weather is warm and humid, the mushroom can also take on large sizes. Different sources indicate different thicknesses of the upper part of the foot.
At a young age, the color is white, but over time it turns yellow and takes on a color with rich brown shades. Such mushrooms can be safely eaten.
Giant golovach
Such mushrooms are distinguished by their true gigantic dimensions. With a half-meter height, its weight can reach 20 kg. Of course, this is typical only for individual representatives. By the way, this species has the best taste. These representatives are not without flaws. First of all, they can never be seen in a group, because they grow individually. Having appeared at least once in one place, he will never again grow here.
Poisonous representatives of false raincoats
Unfortunately, among these mushrooms there are representatives that can not be eaten. In addition, they have weak toxic properties.
Warty False Raincoat
It can not be eaten. This is a false raincoat. It is part of the scleroderma family. They are characterized by family growth, and you can find them in the deciduous forest. Meadow flat terrain is a favorite place for their growth. They prefer to be in tall grass. They begin to grow in the first ten days of August, and only grow by mid-autumn. The diameter of the fruiting body is from 3 to 5 cm. It has the shape of a brown tuber. It is covered with an outer shell with a cork character.
Common false raincoat
The body is in the form of a tuber with a diameter of 6 cm. The surface of the outer shell is characterized by the presence of small scales. The color of the mushroom is dirty yellow. When the shell is cracked, formations similar to small warts appear on it.
The list of medicinal properties
Raincoats are characterized by the presence of unique healing properties. They help fight hemorrhages and promote wound healing. It is necessary to attach a broken mushroom to the cut, and the blood will stop. With the help of these mushrooms, a number of skin diseases are also treated:
- severe burns;
- ulcerative formations;
- purulent wound surface, difficult to treat;
- acne eruptions;
- hives.
With the help of such fungi, they fight the pathology of the upper respiratory tract and lungs:
- Bronchitis of various origins.
- Tuberculosis process.
- Laryngitis.
In the literature there is evidence that the golovach prevents the formation of tumor cells. This was the reason for the creation of a medicine called calvacin, for the manufacture of which the golovach is used.
Where do raincoats grow?
Different representatives choose different places for their growth. For example, from May to September, bagged golovach can be found in open sunny meadows. In most cases, it grows in single copies. In the middle of summer at the edge you can find an elongated raincoat. By mid-October, it is already possible to meet only certain representatives of these mushrooms. This is where their growth this season ends.
Some recipes
Delicious dishes are prepared from raincoats.
Zucchini stuffed with mushrooms
For this dish use exclusively young zucchini. Only in this case it will turn out delicious. Zucchini must be cleaned and cut into pieces to shape the rings. After that, they are boiled in water, which must be pre-salt. Ready zucchini roll in flour and fry with the addition of vegetable oil. Young mushrooms are passed through a meat grinder along with onions and overcooked in a pan with vegetable oil. Ready filling stuffed zucchini ring.
Mushroom Vermicelli Casserole
Water must be salted and boiled vermicelli in it. Raincoats are finely chopped and fried with the addition of butter.Finished mushrooms are mixed with boiled vermicelli. The bottom is poured with crushed crackers and the finished mass is laid out from vermicelli and mushrooms. Cooking time 20 minutes at a temperature of 180 degrees.
It does not matter that these mushrooms are assigned a low 4 category. Of course, this is not a white mushroom, but just chic dishes are also obtained from it. The hostess should only be creative in preparing mushroom dishes and give space to the flight of her culinary imagination. Due to the fact that these mushrooms appear much earlier than other representatives, guests can enjoy cooked dishes from raincoats in the spring. There is no doubt that they will appreciate the efforts of a caring hostess.
But when collecting mushrooms, you must be extremely careful and not confuse the edible raincoats with false representatives.
Video: how to cook raincoats
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