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The blackening is a kind of lamellar mushrooms belonging to the family russula, the main feature of which is the absence of milky juice in the pulp of the fruiting body. This species is classified as conditionally edible mushroom (4 cat.). Also, these mushrooms are known to many inhabitants and under other names: chernushka, black russula.
The appearance of the load is noteworthy - rather gloomy and unattractive, because of which many hunting lovers, unaware of its edibility, simply bypass it. These mushrooms are a favorite treat of various insects and their larvae.
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The hat is a load of blackening, rather thick, fleshy flesh. In diameter, the cap of the mushroom reaches 150 mm. In young specimens, it has a characteristic bulge, which tumbles with growing up, forming a small funnel, the edges become outstretched and winding. The surface of the cap itself is slightly sticky, has a grayish-brownish color with characteristic dark brown spots. The peel is quite firmly attached to the fruit body, making it difficult to remove.
The chernushka leg is dense, of regular cylindrical shape, and quite smooth to the touch. In length reaches 80 mm. The color of the legs of young mushrooms often coincides with the color of the hat; in adult preloads it is dark gray.
The lamellar body is narrow, the lamellae themselves are directly attached, branching, and not too often located. The color of the plates is creamy, when notched / broken, it immediately darkens, have a light fruity aroma. The spores are white, rounded.
Where grows
Most often, black Russula is found in forests with a temperate cool climate (mixed, coniferous, deciduous). The main tree partner of this type of mushroom is pine, nevertheless, chernushka is often found in birch groves, in small forest glades, along forest paths and roads. It can grow both singly and in small groups.
The peak of fruiting is a black load - from mid-summer until the onset of the first frost.
Doubles and similar species
Chernushka, like most edible mushrooms, has doubles that closely resemble this species.
It is very easy to confuse preloads with a look such as a blackening russula, the color of the skin of the hat of which can also have the same color as that of chernushka. The main difference is the less saturated color of the mushroom.
Another chernushka lookalike is a white and black boot, the main difference of which is a fairly developed plate-like body (often located falling plates), as well as a light gray hat. The pulp of this type of mushroom immediately blackens with a break.
Chastoplate plate - this type has a hat of saturated dark color, the plates under which are very small. Most often grows in coniferous forests.
Edibility
The blackening underload is a completely edible mushroom, however, as a rule, exclusively young specimens are harvested for cooking due to the soft and tasty pulp. In adult mushrooms, the flesh is very hard with a pronounced bitter taste. Another indisputable fact in favor of collecting blackberries for subsequent cooking is that this species is a real treat for many forest insects and worms.
The most popular are salted nigella, which are carefully soaked and boiled before that. This treatment allows you to get rid of specific bitterness and aroma. Salty loads have a pleasant taste and aroma, the fruit body darkens when salted.
Also, often preparing young podgruzki involves such heat treatment as stewing, roasting and pickling. A prerequisite in this case is primary processing (soaking and subsequent boiling for 20-30 minutes). The blackhead, like many types of mushrooms, can be dried, in this form it can be stored for one year.
Important! For cooking, it is better to use young chernushki mushrooms. Old copies are not used for culinary purposes due to the fact that their flesh is too hard.
I would like to draw attention to the fact that the blackening of the preload is a good fruiting species of mushrooms, and in lean years it can become a full-fledged substitute for real breasts.
Video: blackening preload (Russula nigricans)
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